A report by Daniel Lack PhD
This report demonstrates how a shift from low quality high sulphur residual fuels to high quality low sulphur distillate fuels will result in a 50% reduction in Black Carbon (BC) emissions and estimates what impacts a HFO ban would have on emissions of other pollutants and takes into consideration the technical and financial aspects.
A Submission paper by the Clean Shipping Coalition, Friends of the Earth International, Pacific Environment, and WWF
The paper highlights recent developments regarding the future of Arctic shipping and the comparative costs of using heavy fuel oil versus alternative fuels.
The preparation of this document was assisted by the International Council on Clean Transportation, Ocean Conservancy, the Environmental Investigation Agency, and the Iceland Nature Conservation Association.
A Working Paper by Biswajoy Roy, Bryan Comer
Compares the economic and environmental tradeoffs of switching from HFO to two alternative fuels, distillate fuel and liquefied natural gas (LNG), in the IMO Arctic, as defined in the IMO Polar Code.
A Summary report by WWF Canada
As the Arctic warms and sea ice diminishes, the biggest threat to the Arctic marine
environment from ships is from an oil spill. Less summer sea ice has already led to
increases in ship traffic, yet significant legislative, capacity, information and funding
gaps exist in the current spill response framework in both Nunavut, and in the
Beaufort region.
A Study by Bryan Comer, Naya Olmer, Xiaoli Mao, Biswajoy Roy, Dan Rutherford
Estimates heavy fuel oil (HFO) use, HFO carriage, the use and carriage of other fuels, BC emissions, and emissions of other air and climate pollutants in the Arctic for the year 2015, with projections to 2020 and 2025.
When the International Maritime Organization’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC70) meeting closed in London on Friday, October 28, the Clean Arctic Alliance hailed the progress made by member countries towards a phase out of the use of heavy fuel oil (HFO) by ships sailing in Arctic waters.
An infographic by the Clean Arctic Alliance
Compelling facts and figures demonstrating the many risks associated with the use of heavy fuel oil (HFO). The document makes the case for the rapid phasing out of HFO use from Arctic shipping and offers some solutions on measures to protect the Arctic environment.
An infographic by the Clean Arctic Alliance
Drawing on the lessons from the social, economic and environmental costs of four major heavy fuel oil spills, this document highlights how a precautionary approach should be applied to protect the Arctic environment from the disastrous consequences of a potential HFO spill.
Position Statement by the Clean Arctic Alliance – HFO-Free Arctic: Ban Heavy Fuel Oil from Arctic Shipping
The use of heavy fuel oil (HFO) by vessels operating in the Arctic poses a major risk to the Arctic marine environment. It produces harmful emissions that negatively impact the global climate, threatens the food security, livelihood and way of life of Arctic communities and produces emissions that impact human health. As the use of HFO is expected to rise as vessel traffic in the Arctic increases, the Clean Arctic Alliance strongly advocates the phasing out of the use of HFO as the most effective mitigation strategy as a matter of priority.
A report by Daniel Lack PhD
This study looks at how variable factors specific to Arctic Ocean sailing impact on ship propulsion, and engine efficiency and how Arctic shipping needs to adjust its fuel consumption to the changes experienced. The reports delves into the complexity of BC emission predictions and the technical choices that will need to be made for the reduction of BC emissions from today and future Arctic sailing operations.